Pigeons: Columbidae
Pigeons, part of the Columbidae family, are robust birds with small heads and short necks. They possess strong, large breasts and are known for their ability to return home from long distances, a trait that has made them popular as messenger birds throughout history. Pigeons typically have smooth feathers, a uniform coloration, and are found in both wild and domesticated populations worldwide.
Common Examples
| Bird Name | Description | Habitat |
|---|---|---|
| Columba livia | Also known as the rock pigeon, it is the wild ancestor of domestic pigeons. Known for its adaptability and widespread presence in urban areas. | Urban areas, cliffs |
| Patagioenas cayennensis | Known as the Cayenne pigeon, found in Central and South America. Prefers forested areas and is smaller than the rock pigeon. | Forests, wetlands |
| Treron spp. | Fruit pigeons with a more slender build, found in tropical forests. They have a diet primarily consisting of fruits and are important for seed dispersal. | Tropical forests |
| Otidiphaps nobilis | The crowned pigeon, native to New Guinea, is the largest pigeon species. Known for its striking blue plumage and elaborate crest. | Rainforests |
Doves: Columbinae
Doves are generally more slender than pigeons and have longer tails. While both share similar features, doves are often distinguished by their gentler cooing sounds compared to the bulkier pigeons. Members of the Columbinae subfamily are known for their smooth feathers and are found in a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and urban areas. Doves are emblematic of peace and love in cultural symbolism, often depicted in art and literature.
Common Examples
| Bird Name | Description | Habitat |
|---|---|---|
| Streptopelia decaocto | The laughing dove, recognizable by its distinctive spotted neck. Common in urban areas across Africa and Asia. | Urban areas |
| Zenaida macroura | Known as the mourning dove, it is prevalent in North America. Characterized by its soft, mournful cooing. | Grasslands, suburbs |
| Leptotila spp. | Turtle doves with more rounded bodies. Found in forested areas of the Americas. They have a more plaintive call than typical doves. | Forests |
| Ptilinopus spp. | Known as the Nicobar pigeon, closely related to traditional doves but with more vibrant colors. Found in the Nicobar Islands and parts of Southeast Asia. | Coastal forests |