Introduction

Modal verbs are essential in expressing necessity, possibility, permission, and ability. In German, modal verbs take on a unique form in the past tense, helping to convey what someone could, should, or had to do.

Common Modal Verbs

The most common modal verbs in German are:

Modal Verbs in the Past

In the past tense, modal verbs are typically used with the imperfect (Präteritum) form. The structure is:
Subject + Modal Verb (Past) + Main Verb (Infinitive) + Rest of the Sentence

Conjugation of Modal Verbs in the Past

Personal Pronounkönnenmüssendürfensollenwollenmögen
ichkonntemusstedurftesolltewolltemochte
dukonntestmusstestdurftestsolltestwolltestmochtest
er/sie/eskonntemusstedurftesolltewolltemochte
wirkonntenmusstendurftensolltenwolltenmochten
ihrkonntetmusstetdurftetsolltetwolltetmochtet
sie/Siekonntenmusstendurftensolltenwolltenmochten

Examples of Modal Verbs in the Past

können (could)

müssen (had to)

dürfen (was allowed to)

sollen (should have)

wollen (wanted to)

mögen (liked)

Conclusion

Understanding how to use modal verbs in the past allows you to accurately express past necessities, abilities, permissions, and desires. The structure remains consistent across different verbs, making it easier to apply in various contexts.
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