Introduction
Relative clauses in German allow you to add extra information about a noun, similar to how they function in English. These clauses begin with a relative pronoun, which must agree with the gender, number, and case of the noun it refers to.
Relative Pronouns
Relative pronouns in German are based on the definite articles: "der," "die," and "das." They change form depending on the case (nominative, accusative, dative) and the gender of the noun they refer to.
Relative Pronouns Table
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | der | die | das | die |
| Accusative | den | die | das | die |
| Dative | dem | der | dem | denen |
Sentence Structure
In German, the relative clause follows the noun it modifies, and the verb in the relative clause goes to the end of the clause.
Example Sentences
- Nominative:
- Accusative:
- Dative:
Practice Examples
- Nominative:
(That is the book that is lying on the table.)
- Accusative:
(He watched the movie that I recommended.)
- Dative:
(She speaks with the people whom she trusts.)
Tips for Using Relative Clauses
- The relative pronoun always refers back to the noun in the main clause.
- Ensure the relative pronoun matches the gender, number, and case of the noun it describes.
- Remember that the verb in the relative clause moves to the end.
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Conclusion
Relative clauses are essential for adding detail and specificity to sentences in German. By understanding the correct use of relative pronouns and sentence structure, you can create more precise and nuanced expressions.