The ii-V-I progression is fundamental in jazz, known for its smooth voice leading and ability to create functional harmony. It establishes tonality and guides musicians through chord changes seamlessly. In a major key, the ii-V-I uses the chords built on the second, fifth, and first degrees of the scale, while in minor keys, it often includes variations like the ii-V-i to enhance resolution.
- The ii-V-I progression is key in establishing tonality in jazz.
- Functions as a pathway from tension to resolution.
- In major keys, uses chords from the second, fifth, and first degrees.
Major Key Example: C Major
In C major, the ii-V-I progression is Dm7-G7-Cmaj7. This sequence highlights how the minor chord (ii) leads to the dominant (V), which resolves to the tonic (I), creating a satisfying musical resolution. The progression not only marks the end of phrases but also acts as a bridge in more extended sections, providing both structure and coherence.
- In C major, the progression is Dm7-G7-Cmaj7.
- Minor chord (ii) leads to dominant (V), resolving to tonic (I).
- Creates satisfying musical resolution and coherence.
Minor Key Example: C Minor
In minor keys, the ii-V-I progression often includes a raised seventh in the dominant chord to provide stronger resolution to the tonic. In C minor, the progression is Dm7♭5-G7-Cm7. This variation adds a sense of tension that resolves beautifully into the tonic, showcasing the unique characteristics of minor key harmony.
- In C minor, the progression is Dm7♭5-G7-Cm7.
- Dominant chord often has raised seventh for stronger resolution.
- Adds tension that resolves into the tonic.
Application in Jazz Standards
The ii-V-I progression is prevalent in countless jazz standards, illustrating its versatility and importance. Songs like Autumn Leaves and Blue Bossa use this progression to establish key centers and facilitate smooth transitions between different sections. Its adaptability allows musicians to improvise over these changes, using scale tones that correspond to each chord’s function within the progression.
- Found in numerous jazz standards like Autumn Leaves and Blue Bossa.
- Helps establish key centers and smooth transitions.
- Musicians improvise using scale tones that match each chord’s function.