Diatonic Chords in Major and Minor Keys
Diatonic chords are built using only the notes from a given scale. In both major and minor keys, these chords create a cohesive sound that aligns with the key's tonal center.
- Major Key: Uses the I, ii, iii, IV, V, vi, and vii° chords.
- Minor Key: Typically uses i, ii°, III, iv, V, VI, and vii°.
Major Key Example: C Major
| Degree | Chord | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | C | Major | C-E-G |
| ii | Dm | Minor | D-F-A |
| iii | Em | Minor | E-G-B |
| IV | F | Major | F-A-C |
| V | G | Major | G-B-D |
| vi | Am | Minor | A-C-E |
| vii° | B° | Dimin. | B-D-F |
Minor Key Example: A Minor
| Degree | Chord | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| i | Am | Minor | A-C-E |
| ii° | B° | Dimin. | B-D-F |
| III | C | Major | C-E-G |
| iv | Dm | Minor | D-F-A |
| V | E | Major | E-G#-B |
| VI | F | Major | F-A-C |
| vii° | G° | Dimin. | G-B-D |
Common Progressions
Chord progressions are sets of chords played in a sequence. Certain progressions are widely used across genres due to their strong musical resolution and emotional impact.
I-IV-V
The I-IV-V progression is fundamental in Western music, especially in rock and pop. It provides a strong sense of resolution and is often used to build verses and choruses.
- Function: Creates a complete and satisfying musical phrase.
- Example in C: C-F-G
ii-V-I
This progression is a staple in jazz, known for its smooth transitions and strong resolution back to the tonic. It highlights the tension and release that defines harmonic movement.
- Function: Enhances circular motion back to the tonic.
- Example in C: Dm-G-C
vi-IV-I-V
This progression is widely used in pop music for its catchy and relatable sound. It often forms the backbone of choruses and is known for its emotional appeal.
- Function: Creates memorable and singable melodies.
- Example in C: Am-F-C-G
Cadences
Cadences are chord sequences that signal the end of a musical phrase. They provide closure and can establish the key of a piece, giving listeners a sense of completion.
Authentic Cadence (V-I)
The authentic cadence, or perfect cadence, uses the V-I progression to create a strong sense of resolution. It is the most common way to end phrases in Western music.
- Function: Provides definitive closure.
- Example in C: G-C
Plagal Cadence (IV-I)
Known as the "Amen" cadence due to its frequent use in hymns, the plagal cadence moves from IV-I. It offers a softer resolution than the authentic cadence.
- Function: Creates a gentle sense of completion.
- Example in C: F-C
Half Cadence ( endings on V)
The half cadence ends on the V chord, leaving the listener with a sense of anticipation. It does not provide complete resolution, making it effective for leading into new sections.
- Function: Signals pause without closure.
- Example in C: F-G