Seventh chords build on triads by adding a fourth note: the seventh. This extra note enhances harmonic depth and creates a smoother transition between chords. Seventh chords are pivotal in shaping the sound of various music styles, from classical to jazz.
- Seventh chords add a seventh note to triads.
- They provide greater harmonic depth.
- Essential in various musical styles, including classical and jazz.
Types of Seventh Chords
There are several types of seventh chords, each with its unique sound and function. The most common include major, minor, dominant, and half-diminished. Each type alters the triad's basic structure to create distinct harmonic qualities.
- Major seventh chords combine a major triad with a major seventh.
- Minor seventh chords use a minor triad with a major seventh.
- Dominant seventh chords add a minor seventh to a major triad.
- Half-diminished seventh chords consist of a diminished triad with a minor seventh.
Functions of Seventh Chords
Seventh chords serve various functions within a key, primarily as tonic, subdominant, and dominant. Their ability to resolve, especially in the dominant function, creates strong musical pathways and helps establish tonal centers.
- Tonic function: Provides harmonic resolution and stability.
- Subdominant function: Prepares the dominant, creating tension.
- Dominant function: Leads back to the tonic, resolving tension.
Examples of Seventh Chords
In C major, common seventh chords include Cmaj7, Dm7, G7, and Bm7♭5. These chords illustrate how seventh chords enrich the harmonic palette, enabling smoother progressions and deeper emotional expression.
| Chord | Construction | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Cmaj7 | C-E-G-B | Tonic |
| Dm7 | D-F-A-C | Subdominant |
| G7 | G-B-D-F | Dominant |
| Bm7♭5 | B-D-F-A | Half-dominant |