Human Anatomy

Study of the body’s largest organ system that forms the outer covering, protecting against environmental hazards and playing a role in thermoregulation and sensory reception.

Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis that provide structure and protection.

Hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands contributing to protective and sensory functions.

Protection, temperature regulation, sensation, and excretion.

Examination of the rigid framework that supports the body, facilitates movement, and protects vital organs.

Skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum forming the central support structure.

Limbs, shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle that enable movement and interaction with the environment.

Joints, ligaments, and cartilage involved in movement, mineral storage, and blood cell production.

Exploration of muscles responsible for movement, posture, and heat generation.

Voluntary muscles such as biceps, quadriceps, and hamstrings that control body movement.

Involuntary muscles found in walls of internal organs like intestines and blood vessels.

Specialized muscle of the heart responsible for pumping blood.

Detailed study of the control center coordinating voluntary and involuntary actions and processing sensory information.

Brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem) and spinal cord as the primary processing centers.

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia that transmit signals between the CNS and the rest of the body.

Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions regulating involuntary functions and homeostasis.

Examination of glands and hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, development, and homeostasis.

Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, and gonads (ovaries and testes) that secrete hormones.

Peptide, steroid, and amino acid-derived hormones that modulate metabolic and reproductive functions.

Study of the heart and blood vessels that circulate blood, supplying tissues with oxygen and nutrients.

Chambers (atria and ventricles), valves, and conduction system critical for pumping blood.

Arteries, veins, and capillaries forming a network for blood transport.

Cellular components and plasma involved in oxygen transport and immune responses.

Exploration of the network that defends the body against pathogens and maintains fluid balance.

Lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and tonsils involved in immune surveillance and response.

Channels that transport lymph and assist in fat absorption and fluid homeostasis.

Lymphocytes (B cells, T cells) and macrophages that drive the body’s defense mechanisms.

Analysis of structures involved in breathing and gas exchange essential for cellular respiration.

Nasal cavities, sinuses, and pharynx that condition incoming air.

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles that conduct air to the lungs.

Alveoli where oxygen is absorbed and carbon dioxide is expelled, maintaining pH balance.

Comprehensive study of the organs involved in ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination of food.

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine forming the digestive tract.

Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas that aid in digestion and metabolic regulation.

Breakdown of food, nutrient absorption, waste elimination, and support of metabolic processes.

Examination of organs responsible for filtering blood, excreting waste, and regulating fluid and electrolyte balance.

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra that collaborate in urine formation and excretion.

Filtration of blood, regulation of blood pressure and volume, and maintenance of chemical homeostasis.

Study of anatomical structures involved in sexual reproduction and gamete production.

Testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and penis that produce and deliver sperm.

Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and external genitalia involved in gamete production and nurturing of offspring.

Gamete production, hormone secretion, fertilization, and support of embryonic development.

Detailed exploration of systems that detect and process external and internal stimuli for perception.

Eyes, including the cornea, iris, lens, and retina, responsible for sight.

Ears (outer, middle, and inner) that detect and process sound.

Olfactory (smell), gustatory (taste), and somatosensory systems (touch, proprioception, and balance) that support overall perception.