No, Odonata are not more closely related to butterflies; they are related to mayflies.
Elongated bodies, two pairs of strong transparent wings, and aquatic larvae
Odonata are a remarkable order of insects encompassing dragonflies and damselflies, known for their striking aerial skills and ancient lineage. With around 6,000 species worldwide, they are prized not only for their beauty but also for their roles as predators and bioindicators of freshwater ecosystem health.
What are Odonata?
Early 19th century
Yes, Odonata larvae breathe through gills.
Yes, damselflies are included in Odonata.
Odonata (from Greek odon, meaning “tooth”) are insects with chewing mouthparts adapted for predation. They have two pairs of membranous wings with a dense network of veins, large compound eyes, and an aquatic nymph stage that captures prey with a unique extendable jaw.
- Ancient lineage dating to ~250 million years ago (Permian)
- Adults are agile aerial predators; larvae are aquatic predators
- Nymphs (naiads) use internal gills for underwater respiration
Chewing mouthparts
Yes, both adults and larvae are carnivorous.
Examples of Odonata
Libellulidae (dragonflies) and Coenagrionidae (damselflies) are Odonata families.
Coenagrionidae
Common Odonata species include colorful dragonflies like the blue dasher (Pachydiplax longipennis) and delicate, slender damselflies such as members of Coenagrionidae. Dragonflies rest with wings spread, whereas damselflies fold their wings along the body.
| Group | Example Genus/Species | Key Traits |
|---|---|---|
| Dragonflies | Anax, Libellula | Robust body, wings open at rest |
| Damselflies | Ischnura, Calopteryx | Slender, wings closed at rest |
Conclusion
Odonata are ancient, aquatic-aerial insects that include dragonflies and damselflies. They have unique adaptations for predation in both larval and adult stages, and their presence signals healthy freshwater ecosystems.
- Odonata = Dragonflies + Damselflies
- Aquatic larvae, aerial adults, are fierce predators
- Bioindicators of clean water and ecosystem health