Adjectives help describe objects and people, providing clarity and detail. In Spanish, adjectives must agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify.
Common Adjectives
| English | Spanish | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| Big | Grande | El perro es grande. (The dog is big.) |
| Small | Pequeño/Pequeña | La casa es pequeña. (The house is small.) |
| Tall | Alto/Alta | Ella es alta. (She is tall.) |
| Short | Bajo/Baja | Él es bajo. (He is short.) |
| Happy | Feliz | Estoy feliz. (I am happy.) |
| Sad | Triste | Ella está triste. (She is sad.) |
| New | Nuevo/Nueva | Tengo un coche nuevo. (I have a new car.) |
| Old | Viejo/Vieja | Mi bicicleta es vieja. (My bike is old.) |
| Good | Bueno/Buena | Es un libro bueno. (It’s a good book.) |
| Bad | Malo/Mala | La película fue mala. (The movie was bad.) |
| Beautiful | Bonito/Bonita | El jardín es bonito. (The garden is beautiful.) |
| Ugly | Feo/Fea | El cuadro es feo. (The painting is ugly.) |
Adjective Agreement
In Spanish, adjectives must match the gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural) of the noun they describe.
Gender Agreement
- Masculine: El carro es nuevo. (The car is new.)
- Feminine: La mesa es nueva. (The table is new.)
Number Agreement
- Singular: El libro es grande. (The book is big.)
- Plural: Los libros son grandes. (The books are big.)
Common Adjective Patterns
- Masculine Singular: -o (e.g., bajo)
- Feminine Singular: -a (e.g., baja)
- Masculine Plural: -os (e.g., bajos)
- Feminine Plural: -as (e.g., bajas)
Examples
- Masculine Singular: El coche es rojo. (The car is red.)
- Feminine Singular: La casa es roja. (The house is red.)
- Masculine Plural: Los coches son rojos. (The cars are red.)
- Feminine Plural: Las casas son rojas. (The houses are red.)
By using adjectives, you can provide more detail and clarity in your descriptions.